Saint Joan of Arc (Jeanne la Pucelle): Difference between revisions

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[[File:The_Conclusion_of_the_Treaty_of_Troyes_Met_DP891505.jpg|thumb|<small>The Conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes.<ref>[[commons:File:The_Conclusion_of_the_Treaty_of_Troyes_Met_DP891505.jpg|Print, engraved by Francesco Bartolozzi (Metropolitan Museum of Art (Wikipedia)]] </ref>.From this 1788 depiction, Henry V receives Catherine of Valois, sister of the Dauphin, Charles, who was disinherited by the Treaty The artist places the Queen of France, Isabel of Bavaria, as the arbitrar of the Treaty, with her husband Charles VI "The Mad" sulking, or disinterested, to the side.</small>]]

Rejecting the French response as an ~~offense, In~~ 1415 Henry invaded Normandy, reviving the ongoing but episodic French succession conflict we now call the "Hundred Years War". At the Battle of Agincourt, Henry destroyed French forces that consisted mostly of loyalists to the House of Orléans, while its French rival, the House of Burgundy, sat out, ~~perhaps even~~ by agreement with the English.<ref>Per See [https://archive.org/details/agincourtkingcam0000bark/page/68/mode/2up?q=67 Agincourt : the king, the campaign, the battle, by Barker, Juliet R. V (Archive.org)]; p. 67</ref> Animosity continued between the French factions, further weakening Charles VI, who suffered attacks of severe mental illness.

Rejecting the French response, which was essentially, "here, have a princess,"<ref>In 1396, Charles' second and surviving daughter, six years old, was married to Richard II of England, the goal of which was to maintain peace between the countries. The marriage was never consummated, as age 12 was considered the age of consent. Richard, apparently, loved her like an adopted child or niece. </ref> in 1415 Henry invaded Normandy, reviving the ongoing but episodic French succession conflict we now call the "Hundred Years War". At the famed Battle of Agincourt, Henry destroyed French forces that consisted mostly of loyalists to the House of Orléans, while its French rival, the House of Burgundy, sat out, possibly by agreement with the English.<ref>Per See [https://archive.org/details/agincourtkingcam0000bark/page/68/mode/2up?q=67 Agincourt : the king, the campaign, the battle, by Barker, Juliet R. V (Archive.org)]; p. 67</ref> Animosity continued between the French factions, further weakening Charles VI, who had long suffered attacks of severe mental illness which periodically left his rule up for grabs. When he was incapacitated a regency council ran the show under the authority of his queen, Isabella of Bavaria. The council was dominated by the Duke of Burgundy, Philip II, known as "the Bold"<ref>Philip adopted artillery into his military tactics and used it to conquer Flanders. </ref>, an uncle of Charles (through the French King John II), and the Duke of Orléans, Louis II, Charles' brother.

~~The French divisions had started in~~ the ~~1390s as Charles' mental state rendered him incapacitated for periods~~ of ~~time, requiring~~ a ~~regency council which included Charles' queen~~, ~~Isabella of Bavaria. Along with~~ the ~~queen~~, ~~the council was dominated by~~ the Duke of ~~Burgundy~~, ~~Philip II~~, ~~known as "~~the ~~Bold"<ref>Philip adopted artillery into his military tactics~~ and ~~used it to conquer Flanders~~. ~~</ref>~~, ~~an uncle of Charles (through~~ the ~~French King~~ John ~~II), and~~ the Duke of Orléans, ~~Louis II~~, ~~Charles' brother. Add to~~ the ~~mix that the first daughter of Charles~~ and ~~Isabella was at age six married to Richard II of England,<ref>The marriage was never consummated, as age 12 was considered the age of consent</ref> which was supposed~~ to ~~maintain peace between the countries~~.

As regents, the Dukes of Orléans and Burgundy managed a cohesive rule, but when Philip the Bold died in 1404, Louis II, the Duke of Orléans, had Phillip's heir, John the Fearless, removed from both the council and the Royal treasury. In 1407, the fearless John responded by ordering the assassination of the Duke of Orléans, an act which he not only admitted but acclaimed, justified by reducing oppressive taxes the Duke had imposed on Paris and appeal to Parisian autonomy.

As regents, the Dukes of Orléans and Burgundy managed a cohesive rule, but when Philip the Bold died in 1404, Louis II, the Duke of Orléans, had Phillip's heir, John the Fearless, removed from both the council and the Royal treasury. In 1407 Fearless John responded by ordering the assassination of the Duke of Orléans, an act which he not only admitted but publicized, and which he in part justified by reducing oppressive taxes the Duke of Orléans had imposed on Paris. Additionally, the all-powerful University of Paris was upset that Louis of Orléans had moved French alliance to the Avignon Pope, Clement VII, basically in exchange for a betrothal annulment to a

Additionally, the all-powerful University of Paris was upset that Louis of Orléans had moved French alliance to the Avignon Pope, Clement VII, basically in exchange for a betrothal annulment to a

>> here

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 </ref>
 [[File:The_Conclusion_of_the_Treaty_of_Troyes_Met_DP891505.jpg|thumb|<small>The Conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes.<ref>[[commons:File:The_Conclusion_of_the_Treaty_of_Troyes_Met_DP891505.jpg|Print, engraved by Francesco Bartolozzi (Metropolitan Museum of Art (Wikipedia)]] </ref>.From this 1788 depiction, Henry V receives Catherine of Valois, sister of the Dauphin, Charles, who was disinherited by the Treaty The artist places the Queen of France, Isabel of Bavaria, as the arbitrar of the Treaty, with her husband Charles VI "The Mad" sulking, or disinterested, to the side.</small>]]
-Rejecting the French response as an offense, In 1415 Henry invaded Normandy, reviving the ongoing but episodic French succession conflict we now call the "Hundred Years War". At the Battle of Agincourt, Henry destroyed French forces that consisted mostly of loyalists to the House of Orléans, while its French rival, the House of Burgundy, sat out, perhaps even by agreement with the English.<ref>Per See [https://archive.org/details/agincourtkingcam0000bark/page/68/mode/2up?q=67 Agincourt : the king, the campaign, the battle, by Barker, Juliet R. V (Archive.org)]; p. 67</ref> Animosity continued between the French factions, further weakening Charles VI, who suffered attacks of severe mental illness.
+Rejecting the French response, which was essentially, "here, have a princess,"<ref>In 1396, Charles' second and surviving daughter, six years old, was married to Richard II of England, the goal of which was to maintain peace between the countries. The marriage was never consummated, as age 12 was considered the age of consent. Richard, apparently, loved her like an adopted child or niece. </ref> in 1415 Henry invaded Normandy, reviving the ongoing but episodic French succession conflict we now call the "Hundred Years War". At the famed Battle of Agincourt, Henry destroyed French forces that consisted mostly of loyalists to the House of Orléans, while its French rival, the House of Burgundy, sat out, possibly by agreement with the English.<ref>Per See [https://archive.org/details/agincourtkingcam0000bark/page/68/mode/2up?q=67 Agincourt : the king, the campaign, the battle, by Barker, Juliet R. V (Archive.org)]; p. 67</ref> Animosity continued between the French factions, further weakening Charles VI, who had long suffered attacks of severe mental illness which periodically left his rule up for grabs. When he was incapacitated a regency council ran the show under the authority of his queen, Isabella of Bavaria. The council was dominated by the Duke of Burgundy, Philip II, known as "the Bold"<ref>Philip adopted artillery into his military tactics and used it to conquer Flanders. </ref>, an uncle of Charles (through the French King John II), and the Duke of Orléans, Louis II, Charles' brother.
-The French divisions had started in the 1390s as Charles' mental state rendered him incapacitated for periods of time, requiring a regency council which included Charles' queen, Isabella of Bavaria. Along with the queen, the council was dominated by the Duke of Burgundy, Philip II, known as "the Bold"<ref>Philip adopted artillery into his military tactics and used it to conquer Flanders. </ref>, an uncle of Charles (through the French King John II), and the Duke of Orléans, Louis II, Charles' brother. Add to the mix that the first daughter of Charles and Isabella was at age six married to Richard II of England,<ref>The marriage was never consummated, as age 12 was considered the age of consent</ref> which was supposed to maintain peace between the countries.
+As regents, the Dukes of Orléans and Burgundy managed a cohesive rule, but when Philip the Bold died in 1404, Louis II, the Duke of Orléans, had Phillip's heir, John the Fearless, removed from both the council and the Royal treasury. In 1407, the fearless John responded by ordering the assassination of the Duke of Orléans, an act which he not only admitted but acclaimed, justified by reducing oppressive taxes the Duke had imposed on Paris and appeal to Parisian autonomy.
-As regents, the Dukes of Orléans and Burgundy managed a cohesive rule, but when Philip the Bold died in 1404, Louis II, the Duke of Orléans, had Phillip's heir, John the Fearless, removed from both the council and the Royal treasury. In 1407 Fearless John responded by ordering the assassination of the Duke of Orléans, an act which he not only admitted but publicized, and which he in part justified by reducing oppressive taxes the Duke of Orléans had imposed on Paris. Additionally, the all-powerful University of Paris was upset that Louis of Orléans had moved French alliance to the Avignon Pope, Clement VII, basically in exchange for a betrothal annulment to a
+Additionally, the all-powerful University of Paris was upset that Louis of Orléans had moved French alliance to the Avignon Pope, Clement VII, basically in exchange for a betrothal annulment to a
 >> here